Romania is facing a dire situation in its energy sector, as historically low water levels in the Danube River have forced the country's last nuclear reactor at the Cernavoda power plant to be disconnected from the grid.
The decision adds pressure on the Romanian energy system at a time when demand for electricity has increased significantly due to high August temperatures.
The prolonged drought had previously forced the shutdown of the other Cernavoda reactor in late July. The two nuclear units have a capacity of about 706 megawatts each and together provide about 20% of Romania's electricity production.
The problem is directly related to the level of the Danube, which is used to cool the reactors. The drop in flows has made it difficult to supply the water needed for the plant's normal operation, forcing authorities to take measures to ensure the system's safety.
Faced with the risk of power shortages, Romanian authorities have urged households and businesses to limit consumption, especially during peak evening hours. The Energy Ministry has activated a lignite-fired power plant with a capacity of about 330 MW, while it is trying to increase production from wind and hydroelectric sources, depending on water reserves in reservoirs.
Temporary relief may come from falling temperatures, which are expected to reduce energy demand during peak hours. However, authorities are also preparing for a more difficult scenario.
The government has drawn up an emergency plan for the gradual curtailment of power supply to industrial consumers, if the situation worsens. The outages would be implemented in phases and after prior notification to businesses.
Romanian authorities had already taken extraordinary measures to avoid shutting down the last reactor at Cernavoda. In an attempt to direct more water towards the nuclear power plant, a rock barrier was removed from the Danube, the riverbed was deepened, and floating vessels loaded with rocks were sunk to help redirect the flow.
Despite these interventions, the low level of the Danube has made it impossible for both reactors to continue operating normally. Their shutdown at the same time constitutes a significant blow to Romania's energy system and highlights the impact that extreme changes in hydrological conditions can have on critical energy infrastructure.
Authorities are closely monitoring the situation and are looking for alternative sources to cover the deficit, while consumption restrictions and emergency measures remain in place to avoid greater problems in electricity supply.
